The history of sexual selection research provides insights as to why females are still understudied – Nature. com

  • Schiebinger, L. Has Feminism Changed Science? (Harvard University Press, 1999).

  • Hubbard, R. Women Look at Biology Looking at Ladies (eds Hubbard, R., Henifin, M. S. & Fried, B. ) (G. K. Hall, 1979).

  • Tuana, N. The speculum of ignorance: the Women’s Health Movement and epistemologies of lack of knowledge. Hypatia 21 , 1–19 (2006).

    Google Scholar  

  • Darwin, C. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex (Princeton University Press, 1981).

  • Richards, E. Darwin and the Making of Sexual Selection (University of Chicago Press, 2017).

  • Ah-King, M. The Female Turn – How Evolutionary Science Shifted Perceptions About Females (Palgrave Macmillan, in press).

  • Milam, E. L. Looking for a Few Good Males: Female Choice in Major Biology (John Hopkins College Press, 2010).

  • Hrdy, H. B. The Woman that Never Evolved (Harvard University or college Press, 1981).

  • Tang-Martínez, Z. Rethinking Bateman’s Principles: Challenging persistent myths of sexually reluctant females and promiscuous males. J. Sex. Res. 53 , 532–559 (2016).

    PubMed   Search engines Scholar  

  • Mills, C. W. The particular Racial Contract (Cornell College or university Press, 1997).

  • Proctor, R. N. & Schiebinger, T. (eds) Agnotology: The Making and Unmaking of Ignorance (Stanford School Press, 2008).

  • Andersson, M. Sexual Choice (Princeton University Press, 1994).

  • McLennan, D. A. Changes in female colour across the ovulatory cycle in the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans (Kirtland). Can. J. Zool. 72 , 144–153 (1994).

    Google Scholar  

  • Odom, K. M., Hall, D. L., Riebel, K., Omland, K. Electronic. & Langmore, N. E. Female song is widespread and ancestral in song birds. Nat. Commun. 5 , 3379 (2014).

    ADS   PubMed   Google Scholar  

  • Eberhard, W. G. Sex Selection plus Animal Genitalia (Harvard College Press, 1985).

  • Ah-King, Meters., Barron, A. & Herberstein, M. Electronic. Genital evolution: Why are women still understudied? PLoS Biol. 12 , e1001851 (2014).

    PubMed   PubMed Central   Search engines Scholar  

  • Galicia-Mendosa, I., Sánchez, V. & Cordero, C. On the function of signa, a genital trait of female Lepidoptera. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 101 , 786–793 (2009).

    Google College student  

  • Sánchez, V., Hernández-Baños, B. E. & Cordero, C. The Evolution of a female genital trait widely distributed in the Lepidoptera: comparative evidence for an effect associated with sexual coevolution. PLoS One 6 , e22642 (2011).

    ADS   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

  • Plakke, M., Deutsch, A., Meslin, C., Clark, N. & Morehouse, And. Dynamic digestive physiology of a female reproductive organ in a polyandrous butterfly. J. Exp. Biol. 218 , 1548–1555 (2015).

    PubMed   PubMed Central   Google College student  

  • McKinney, F., Cheng, K. & Bruggers, D. J. Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating Systems (ed Smith, R. D. ) (Academic Press Inc., 1984).

  • Birkhead, T. L. Sperm competition in birds. TREE 2 , 268–272 (1987).

    CAS   PubMed   Google Scholar  

  • Smith, T. M. Extra-pair copulations within Black-Capped Chickadees—the role of the female. Behaviour 107 , 15–23 (1988).

    Google Scholar  

  • Lifjeld, J. T., Dunn, P. O. & Westneat, Deb. F. Lovemaking selection by sperm competitors in birds: Male-male competition or woman choice? L. Avian Biol. 25 , 244–250 (1994).

    Google College student  

  • Stamps, J. Feminism and Evolutionary Biology, Boundaries, Intersections plus Frontiers (ed Gowaty, G. A. ) 294–319 (Chapman and Hall, 1997).

  • Burley, N. To. & Parker, P. G. (eds) Avian Reproductive Tactics: Female and Male Perspectives (The American Ornithologists’ Union, 1998).

  • Gray, E. M. Parker, L. G. & Burley, In. T. (eds) Avian Reproductive Tactics: Woman and Male Perspectives (The American Ornithologists’ Union, 1998).

  • Hann, H. W. Life history associated with the Oven-bird in southern Michigan. Wilson Bull. 49 , 145–237 (1937).

    Search engines Scholar  

  • Parker, Gary the gadget guy. A. Semen competition plus its evolutionary consequences within the insects. Biol. Rev. 45 , 525–567 (1970).

    Google Scholar  

  • Thornhill, Ur. Sexual selection and nuptial feeding behavior in Bittacus apicalis (Insecta: Mecoptera). Am. Nat. 110 , 529–548 (1976).

    Search engines Scholar  

  • Thornhill, 3rd there’s r. Cryptic female choice and its implications in the Scorpionfly Harpobittacus nigriceps . Am. Nat. 122 , 765–788 (1983).

    Google Scholar  

  • Lloyd, J. Electronic. Mating conduct and natural selection. Fla. Entomol. 62 , 17–34 (1979).

    Google Scholar  

  • Hrdy, S i9000. B. Male-male competition and infanticide among the langurs (Presbytis entellus) of Abu, Rajasthan. Folia Primatol. 22 , 19–58 (1974).

    CAS   Search engines Scholar  

  • Hausfater, H. & Hrdy, S. B. Infanticide, Comparative and Major Perspectives (Aldine, 1984).

  • van Schaik, Chemical., & Janson, C. They would. (eds) Infanticide by Men and its Implications (Cambridge University Push, 1984).

  • Chek, A. The. & Robertson, R. T. Infanticide in female tree swallows: A role for sexual choice. Condor 93 , 454–457 (1991).

    Google Scholar  

  • Sharp, Ersus. P. & Clutton-Brock, Capital t. H. Competition, breeding success and ageing rates in female meerkats. Jour. Evol. Biol. 24 , 1756–1762 (2011).

    CAS   Google College student  

  • Nelson-Flower, M. J. et al. Costly reproductive competition between females in a monogamous cooperatively breeding bird. Proc. R. Soc. W 280 , 20130728 (2013).

    PubMed   PubMed Main   Search engines Scholar  

  • Arnqvist, Grams. & Rowe, L. Intimate conflict plus arms races between the particular sexes: The morphological adaptation for control of mating in the female insect. Proc. L. Soc. M 261 , 123–127 (1995).

    ADVERTISEMENTS   Google Scholar  

  • Rowe, M. & Day, T. Detecting sexual conflict and physically antagonistic coevolution. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. N. Biol. Sci. 361 , 277–285 (2006).

    PubMed   PubMed Central   Search engines Scholar  

  • Karlsson Green, K. & Madjidian, M. A. Active males, reactive females: Stereotypic sex roles in sex conflict research. Anim. Behav. 81 , 901–907 (2011).

    Google Scholar  

  • Zuk, M., Garcia-Gonzalez, F., Herberstein, M. E. & Simmons, L. Watts. Model systems, taxonomic bias, and lovemaking selection: Beyond Drosophila. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 59 , 321–338 (2014).

    CAS   PubMed   Google College student  

  • Ryan, M. L. & Rand, S. Evoked vocal response in male tungara frogs: Preexisting biases in male responses. Anim. Behav. 56 , 1509–1516 (1998).

    CAS   PubMed   Google Scholar  

  • Basolo, A. L. & Delaney, E. J. Man biases with regard to male characteristics in females in Priapella olmecae and Xiphophorus helleri (Family Poeciliidae). Ethology 107 , 431–438 (2001).

    Search engines Scholar  

  • Qvarnström, The. & Price, T. M. Maternal effects, paternal results and intimate selection. TREE 16 , 95–100 (2001).

    PubMed   Google Scholar  

  • Brown, Ur. E. The particular rodents. We. Social Odours in Mammals (eds Brown, R. E. & Macdonald, D. W. ) 245–344 (Clarendon, 1985).

  • Clutton-Brock, T. H. Sexual selection in females. Anim. Behav. 77 , 3–11 (2009).

    Google Scholar  

  • Nelson, L. H. The field of biology and Feminism: A Philosophical Introduction (Cambridge University Press, 2017).

  • Darwin, C. On the Origin of Species (Cosimo Incorporation., 2007).

  • Gowaty, P. A. Current Perspectives on Sex Selection: What’s Left after Darwin? (ed Hoquet, To. ) 103–118 (Springer, 2015).

  • Alonzo, S. H. & Servedio, M. R. Grey zones of sexual selection: Why is finding a modern definition so hard. Proc. R. Soc. B 286 , 20191325 (2019).

    PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

  • Clutton-Brock, T. H. & Huchard, E. Social competition and selection in males plus females. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 368 , 20130074 (2013).

    CAS   Search engines Scholar  

  • Hare, L. M. & Simmons, L. W. Lovemaking selection as well as evolutionary consequences in female animals. Biol. Rev. 94 , 929–956 (2019).

    PubMed   Google College student  

  • Clutton-Brock, T. They would. Sexual choice in males and females. Science 318 , 1882–1885 (2007).

    ADS   IMPRÉVU   PubMed   Google Scholar  

  • Rosvall, K. The. Intrasexual competition in females: Evidence for sexual assortment? Behav. Ecol. 22 , 1131–1140 (2011).

    PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

  • Clutton-Brock Capital t. H. Mammalian Societies (Wiley & Sons, 2016).

  • Gowaty, P. A new. Feminism in addition to Evolutionary Biology, Boundaries, Intersections and Frontiers (ed Gowaty, P. Some sort of. ) 351–384 (Chapman & Hall, 1997).

  • Lawton, D. F., Garstka, W. Ur. & Hanks, J. C. Feminism and even Evolutionary The field of biology, Boundaries, Intersections and Frontiers (ed Gowaty, P. A good. ) 63–85 (Chapman & Hall, 1997).

  • Tang-Martínez, Z. & Ryder, T. W. The problem with paradigms: Bateman’s worldview as a case study. Integr. Comp. Biol. 45 , 821–830 (2005).

    PubMed   Yahoo Scholar  

  • Eberhard, Watts. G. Female Control: Intimate Selection by Cryptic Woman Choice (Princeton University Push, 1996).

  • Hrdy, S. M. Langurs associated with Abu: Women and Male Strategies regarding Reproduction (Harvard University Click, 1977).

  • Altmann, J. Feminism and Evolutionary Biology, Boundaries, Intersections together with Frontiers (ed Gowaty, P. A. ) 320–333 (Chapman & Hall, 1997).

  • Gowaty, P. Your. & Hubbell, S. G. Reproductive decisions under ecological constraints: It’s about time. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106 , 10017–10024 (2009).

    ADS   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google College student  

  • Fedigan, L. M. Feminism inside Twentieth-Century Science, Technology, and additionally Medicine (eds Creager, Some. N. L., Lunbeck, Electronic. & Schiebinger, L. ) (University involving Chicago Hit, 2001).

  • Tobias, J. A fabulous., Montgomerie, 3rd there’s r. & Lyon, B. At the. The evolution of woman ornaments not to mention weaponry: Sociable selection, sexual selection, and also ecological competitors. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. 367 , 2274–2293 (2012).

    Yahoo and google Scholar  

  • West-Eberhard, Meters. J. Sex-related selection, social competition, as well as speciation. Q. Rev. Biol. 58 , 155–183 (1983).

    Google Scholar  

  • West-Eberhard, M. J. Darwin’s forgotten idea: The social essence of sex selection. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 46 , 501–508 (2014).

    PubMed   Google and yahoo Scholar  

  • Rivas, M. A. & Burghardt, G. M. The particular Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Viewpoints on Pet Cognition (eds Bekoff, Michael., Colin, An important. & Burghardt, G. Meters. ) 9–17 (MIT Media, 2002).

  • Asquith, P. Naked Science: Anthropological Inquiry into Boundaries, Power, and Knowledge (ed Laura N. ) 239–256 (Routledge, 1996).

  • Harding, S. Typically the Science Question in Feminism (Cornell University Press, 1986).

  • Haines, Chemical. D., Rose, E. E., Odom, K. J. & Omland, K. E. This role connected with diversity found in science: A case study of women advancing women birdsong research. Anim. Behav. 168 , 19–24 (2020).

    Google College student  

  • Haraway, D. L. Primate Visions: Gender, Race and Nature in the World of Modern Science (Routledge, 1989).

  • Longino, H. Elizabeth. Feminism plus Science (eds Keller, Age. F. & Longino, H. E. ) (Oxford College Press, 2006).

  • Keller, Y. F. Feminism and science. Signs 7 , 589–602 (1982).

    The major search engines Scholar  

  • Ogden, T. E. How gender bias has shaped reproductive biology. BioScience 71 , 216–222 (2021).

    Yahoo or google Scholar  

  • Orr, Big t. J. et al. It takes two to tango: Including a female perspective inside reproductive the field of biology. Integr. Comp. Biol. 60 , 796–813 (2020).

    PubMed   Google Scholar  

  • Ahnesjö, I. ainsi que al. Considering gender‑biased assumptions in. Evolut. Biol. Evol. Biol. 47 , 1–5 (2020).

    Search engines Scholar  

  • Biology in addition to Gender Study Group. The importance of feminist critique for contemporary cell biology. Hypatia 3 , 61–76 (1988).

  • Burghardt, G. Mirielle. et al. Perspectives—Minimizing observer bias in behavioral studies: A review and recommendations. Ethology 118 , 511–517 (2012).

    The search engines Scholar  

  • Nature Editorial. In praise of replication studies. Character 578 , 489–490 (2020).

  • Leave a Reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *